Metallurgical contenta copper flotation flowsheetcopper miningcrushing copper orecopper ore storagegrinding copper orecopper flotation circuitcopper thickening and filteringprocess controlscopper flotation process summaryflotation of copper ores although basic porphyry copper flotation and metallurgy has remained virtually the same for many years, the. It has the advantage over gravity separation because it can collect even the extremely fine particles of minerals. Introduction to mineral processing chevron phillips chemical. Flotation plants, process control, online analyser, grinding circuit, benefits from process control system. Innovations in copper mineral processing technology.
Our commercial columns are up to 6 metres in diameter, and are being used in most of the worlds largest copper concentrators. Efd is the leading supplier of with over 170 installations worldwide. This is the process for concentration of primarily sulphide ores. Sulphide flotation an overview sciencedirect topics. Crushed ore containing 1 to 2 % copper, along with water and a lime. Optimization of the flotation of copper smelter slags from. Froth flotation of copper and copper compounds from fine. Chapter 6 copper production technology the last boomin technological innovation for the copper industry occurred in the first two decades of this century, whenopen pit mining, flo tation concentration,and the reverberatory smelter were adapted to porphyry copper ores. A very simple status recognition method is presented in this paper to the operational status recognition based on the bayesian inference after the statistical distribution features under predefined operational statuses typical operational statuses of reagent addition are learned. Estimated water requirements for the conventional flotation of. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to optimize the process parameters for the flotation of base metals from a nickel copper sulphide ore. Pdf bulk flotation of complex copper ore khmer lee. Separation of special copper ores such as those containing molybdenite or with high zinc or lead content canada is also possible by flotation methods. Mustafa umit atalay december 2014, 65 pages the aim of this study was the recovery of copper from the oxide copper ore by froth flotation and agitating sulphuric acid h 2 so 4 leaching.
The performance of each of these process routes depends on the degree of oxidation as predicted by the proportion of acid soluble copper present in the ore. Cupriferous mica, chalcocite, bornite, chalcopyrite, malachite and pseudomalachite were the significant copper. This report provides a perspective on the amount of water used by a conventional copper flotation plant, including the makeup water required to compensate for water losses. This is used in mineral processing, paper recycling and wastewater treatment industries. This flowchart made of machinery icons explains or expresses in simple but clear terms the step of the copper mining and copper extraction process starting from either openpit or underground mining and using a different relevant treatment method for oxide or sulphide copper mineral ore. Hydrophobicity differences between valuable minerals and waste gangue are increased through the use of surfactants and wetting agents. Flotation of nonsulfide copper minerals is rare because these ores are mostly subjected to hydrometallurgical copper recovery, for example, heap leaching. The impact of water quality on flotation performance. It made possible the development of the giant bingham canyon mine in utah. Rich copper concentrate is produced from crude copper sulfide ore by means of a flotation process that takes advantage of the physical and chemical properties of small copper ore particles.
During the flotation of copper molybdenum ores, fuel oil or kerosene is added to the grinding to enhance molybdenum recovery. A block diagram showing the overall flow sheet is shown in figure 1. Report on flotation pilot plant design and arrangement. They have a common theme in that pyrite forms the principal floatable. Pdf froth flotation is the most common technique used in beneficiation of complex structured valuable sulphide minerals as chalcopyrite, galena. Hellyers sequential flotation circuit versus cadias simple copper gold flotation circuit. This process design is compatible with the kundip metallurgical domains but not compatible with the trilogy metallurgical domains because of the elevated silver to gold ratio in these ores. Froth flotation is a process for separating minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity. The types and quantity of the reagents are the most important part of the flotation process. A flotation process in which copper ores or copper converter slags are ground and firstly have added thereto benzotriazole or alkyl benzotriazole as an activator and secondly one or more collectors selected from the group consisting of xanthates, dithiophosphates, thiocarbamate esters, dithiocarbamates, mercaptans and dixanthogens and further, if desired, a promoter such as kerosene, light oil. Trick to learn froth flotation process metallurgy tricks.
Thebehaviourofminerals insulphideflotation processes. Copper recovery, froth flotation, municipal solid waste incineration. Chalcopyrite also known as copper pyrites and similar sulphide ores are the commonest ores of copper. A flotation pretreatment study for the separation of enargite cu3ass4 from chalcopyrite cufes2 ores of different origins was investigated in.
Metallurgical contenta copper flotation flowsheetcopper miningcrushing copper orecopper ore storagegrinding copper orecopper flotation circuitcopper thickening and filteringprocess controlscopper flotation process summaryflotation of copper ores although basic porphyry copper flotation and metallurgy has remained virtually the same for many years, the processing equipment as well as design of. Froth flotation is a very important mineral concentration process that is used to recover a vast array of different minerals containing valuable commodities such as copper, lead, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, silver, gold, phosphate and potash. Ball mill is the key equipment for grinding after the crushing process, which is widely used in the manufacture industries, such as cement, silicate, new building material, refractory material, fertilizer, ferrous metal, nonferrous metal and glass ceramics and can be used for the dry and wet grinding for. Graderecovery performance of a hypothetical copper ore flotation process. Water quality, flotation equipment size and type, temperature, and ore body variation are just a few of the variables affecting the flotation process. The platsol process was originally developed in collaboration with the university of british columbia, kane consultants ltd. In commercial plants, the control of reagent additions is the most important aspect of the flotation strategy6. Estimated water requirements for the conventional flotation. The metallurgical behaviour of fluorine in the flotation process is also discussed.
In fact, in the last century, ores of 4 percent grade were regarded as almost valueless. A continuous process called floatation, which uses water, various flotation chemicals, and compressed air, separates the ore into fractions. Up to now, sulfide flotation is still one of the most widely used processes in copper oxide ore dressing, but it is unable to solve the problem of low. Investigation of flotation parameters for copper recovery from.
Many complex ore mixtures formerly of little value have become major sources of certain metals by means of the flotation process. Rich copper concentrate is produced from crude copper sulfide ore by means of a flotation process that takes advantage of the physical and chemical properties. Inthisregard, itis pertinent torepeat thecomments of woodburnl, that theformulation of flotation models can only be improved ifaclear understanding of therolethat themodelisdestined to. Investigation of copper recovery process from flotation tailings background of the study copper mining and ore processing is one of the most stable and profitable branch of the polish economy and one of the fastest growing industry. Our range of sparging technologies allow us to choose the right sparging technology for your application. Modeling and control of lime addition in a flotation process. Another method of concentration of ores is the froth flotation method. The flotation chemicals are mainly isooctyl acid phosphate, sodium isopropyl xanthate and potassium amyl xanthate as conditioner and collector, mibc as frothers, and sodium cyanide and copper sulfate as depressors.
It is shown that the underground mine water has a deleterious effect on flotation performance. The most common types of ore, copper oxide and copper sulfide, undergo two different processes, hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, respectively, due to the different. Materials the copper ore containing gold and silver used in this study was obtained from. Various process chemicals are used in the froth flotation of metallic ore of uranium, copper, zinc, lead, and iron. Copper ion exchanges for zinc ion of the mineral surface, and the sphalerite particle then behaves in flotation like a copper sulphide particle. The sulfurized samples were subjected to flotation and the results were evaluated. This presentation will outline the role of innovation and cite several historical examples such as the bayer and hall heroult processes, cyanidation, froth flotation, the kroll process, rare. Aylmore, in gold ore processing second edition, 2016.
Materials the nickel copper sulphide ore used in this study was supplied by trojan nickel mine located in bindura, zimbabwe. Luttrell2 1eriez flotation division 2200 asbury road erie, pennsylvania usa 16506 corresponding author. Copper flotation process with the measurement setup. Us4022686a flotation process for copper ores and copper. Advanced flotation process control system at a base metal. Pdf copper is most commonly present in the earths crust as copperiron sulphide and copper sulphide minerals, for example, chalcopyrite. Introduction flotation is the most comprehensive and versatile mineral processing operation. Froth floatation process froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic.
Heavy medium separation is the process of separating copper ores by a specific medium ferrosilicon density. In the twentieth century, most ores were concentrated before smelting. Froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic. Chilean copper commission cochilco, 2008, best practices and efficient use of water in the mining industry. Introduction ok tedi mining limited otml mines and concentrates 600 000 tonnes of copper concentrate annually in the star mountains of the western province of. The figure above is a simplified flow sheet showing the basic steps involved in a copper mill producing the byproduct molybdenum. Thus, before the flotation, process of sulfurization was made in order to change the ore structure and surface properties 9, 10 and 11. Flotation can separate this mineral from waste materials or from another mineral. Recognition of the operational statuses of reagent addition.
Until quite recently copper ore had to be handpicked if the extraction of the metal was to be economical. The floatability of molybdenum during copper flotation also depends on many factors, including type of collector, type of frother, flotation ph and type of hydrocarbon oil used. The ores typically contain low percentages of copper and have to be concentrated by, for example, froth flotation before refining. May 05, 2010 froth floatation process froth flotation is a process for selectively separating hydrophobic materials from hydrophilic. Historically this was first used in the mining industry, where it was one of the great enabling technologies of the 20th century. Master of science thesis in electrical engineering modeling and control of lime addition in a flotation process rasmus tammia lithisyex175071se supervisor. Jun 16, 2014 the flotation machine is used for the separation of the nonferrous black metal as well as the separation of the nonmetallic materials such as the coal fluorite and the talc. The particles with attached air bubbles are then carried to the surface and. Investigation of copper recovery process from flotation.
Optimization of the flotation of copper smelter slags from namibia custom smelters slag mill plant elias sipunga a research report submitted to the faculty of engineering and the built environment, university of the witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in engineering. Copper processing is a complicated process that begins with mining of the ore less than 1% copper and ends with sheets of 99. The flotation process can separate a required mineral such as copper, nickel, molybdenum or zinc from ore. The single stage process can be recovery or gradedriven. Advanced ph controllers were implemented to ensure a desired ph control that promotes selectivity of nickel and copper at bulk flotation and separation circuits respectively. Estimated water requirements for the conventional flotation of copper ores. Process parameters must be aligned to optimize the recovery and grade. Copper flotation process mining separating minerals by flotation measurement made easy introduction the flotation process can separate a required mineral such as copper, nickel, molybdenum or zinc from ore. The analysis of the results indicates that the advanced process control apc system has improved the. Reagent schemes used for the treatment of porphyry copper and copper molybdenum ores are relatively. Flotation is widely used to concentrate copper, lead, and zinc minerals, which commonly accompany one another in their ores. This paper sets out to provide justification for the development of this methodology to examine process water quality and treatment integrated with mineral surface chemistry and separation or leaching response across the complete.
To maximize the yield of copper, ph control is necessary in the flotation tanks. Flotation of copper sulfide ores pdf free download. In a twostage process, the skimair is used as a rougher unit to produce a lower grade concentrate at. First results exhibit cu recov eries of 50 % with cu concentrations of about 5 %.
Modeling and control of lime addition in a flotation process rasmus tammia. Froth flotation process for copper pdf ball mill is the key equipment for grinding after the crushing process, which is widely used in the manufacture industries, such as cement, silicate, new building material, refractory material, fertilizer, ferrous metal, nonferrous metal and glass ceramics and can be used for the dry and wet grinding for. The effect of underground mine water on performance of the. In this study, we attempted flotation of oxidized copper ore. Ngandu synopsis the experience of mufulira concentrator, of the zambia consolidated copper mines limited, with underground mine drainage water, which is used in milling operations is discussed. Flotation circuit optimisation and design imperial spiral. In a twostage process, the skimair is used as a rougher unit to produce a lower grade concentrate at high recovery, and an outotec tankcell is used as a cleaner to. Optimization of reagent dosages for copper flotation using. In conventional flash flotation, a skimair cell is operated as a standalone cell in a single stage process.
Pdf copper is most commonly present in the earths crust as copperironsulphide and copper sulphide minerals, for example, chalcopyrite. In this video i discussed trick to learn froth flotation process metallurgy tricks. Recovery of values from a porphory copper tailings stream michael j. The effect of sulfurization process on flotation of copper.
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